THE 2008 BUSIA FOUNDATION
ANNUAL LECTURES
DEMOCRACY, SECURITY, AND THE RULE OF
LAW
By
NANA ADDO DANKWA AKUFO-ADDO,
MP
2008 Presidential
Candidate, New Patriotic Party
Monday, July 14, 2008
Holiday Inn, Airport City,
Accra
We meet here today to
commemorate several anniversaries relating to Dr. Kofi Abrefa
Busia, illustrious son of Ghana and Prime Minister of the
Progress Party Government of the Second Republic: the 95th
anniversary of his birth, the 30th anniversary of his
death, and the 10th anniversary of the establishment
of the Busia Foundation. We are also meeting here at a time when
Ghana has reached a very important crossroads. Do we drive ahead
and take the highway to greater freedom and prosperity or pull
the brakes, turn back, reset the mileage and put back on our
development vehicle the ‘L’ sign for ‘Learning’? As I go around
the country, what I see and hear convince me that there is an
overwhelming desire by the people of Ghana to move forward; to
build on the solid foundation and democratic achievements of the
New Patriotic Party under the leadership of the President of the
Republic, His Excellency John Agyekum Kufour.
Those achievements find their
most erudite rationale in the works of the legendary scholar,
the other founding father of the Danquah-Busia political
tradition, the man to whose memory these series of lectures are
devoted, and who led the first government of this great
tradition and nation with vision, foresight and character, but,
alas, for only a brief period of 27 months.
DEMOCRACY
In “The Challenge of Africa”,
written in 1962, in which Dr Busia showed a profound
understanding of the problems confronting Africa and the
solutions most likely to yield lasting results, he argued
against the post-colonial myth, propounded with convenient ease
by Africa’s first generation of leaders, that multiparty
democracy was allegedly a luxurious western concept alien to
African society.
He wrote:
“The principles of democracy –
freedom of speech, including the right to criticise and to make
propaganda against the government; freedom of assembly and
association, including the freedom to organise opposition
parties and to propose alternative governments; freedom of the
people to choose their governments at general elections and to
change them peacefully; freedom of religion; freedom from
arbitrary arrest and imprisonment without trial; the rule of
law; guarantees for human rights and civil liberties – all these
principles of parliamentary government are universal. They can
be adopted and applied by any nation that chooses to do so. They
can be institutionalised in any culture.”
Chairperson, democracy is like
a planted tree: it cannot take hold if it is not watered,
nurtured and protected. Democracy cannot endure if the leaders
and the people are not committed to it; if they do not
understand it, or if they are not sincere to its principles. He
believed that democracy should and must work in this country and
it was for this reason that patriots such as himself, J.B.
Danquah, Edward Akufo-Addo, William Ofori-Atta, Obetsebi-Lamptey,
S.D. Dombo, Baffour Osei Akoto, Victor Owusu, R.R. Amponsah, S.G.
Antoh, Modesto Apaloo and others risked their lives to fight
against the asphyxiation of our freedom, and the incapacity of
our parliamentary system to defend us from it.
That is why on December 10,
1957, Dr. Busia warned Dr. Nkrumah: “Our problem is one of
nation-building, and you do not do it by repressive legislation
but by education and the growth of co-operation and by leaving
parties and policies to the choice of the people.”
[10 December 1957, 2R of Avoidance of
Discrimination Bill].
Dr. Busia believed that
democracy is consolidated when a majority of the people believes
that democracy is the best form of government. He worked through
the Centre for Civic Education to popularise the notion of
democratic citizenship, to induce the citizenry to invest in
nation-building, to believe in the rule of law and the propriety
of acting properly in the national interest, to combat
corruption and lawlessness, and to manifest pride in nationhood.
Democracy, free market, human
resource development, human rights, rule of law and social
justice have steadfastly remained our Party’s creed since August
4, 1947, when the United Gold Coast Convention was launched. I
am sure we all agree that these are the very values endorsed and
desired by the overwhelming majority of Ghanaians. However,
even though, opinion poll after opinion poll have shown that
Ghanaians really appreciate the intrinsic values and benefits of
liberal democracy, we cannot fail to be mindful of the things
that the fact
that individuals are not fulfilled if they are hungry, homeless,
illiterate and destitute.
In committing the Progress
Party, which he led to victory in 1969, to building a “Welfare
State” in Ghana, the Progress Party’s mantras were
·
to every Ghanaian a job
·
to every work security
·
to every family a decent meal and a
decent home
·
to every person equal opportunity
and social justice
·
to every individual the essential
freedom of speech and expression, freedom of movement and
association, freedom of conscience of worship, and
·
to all Ghanaians progress.
Ours is to pursue development with a freedom-centred approach
that frees up the people to opportunities of participation.
However,
the value of Ghana’s democracy must depend on what it does to
the lives and freedoms of the people. In the two and a half
years that he was in power, he set out to manifest the concept
of development in freedom. And, he set out to do so by making
rural development his priority with an enlarged programme for
both social and physical infrastructure, especially in rural
water supply, rural electrification and the construction of
feeder roads and health posts.
While his opponents,
especially those who held the reigns of power in the First
Republic, were fearful of individual freedom as potentially an
unbridled license for adversity and distraction, J.B. Danquah,
K.A. Busia and their disciples viewed freedom as a great ally of
progress. Dr. Busia believed strongly in the crucial role that
the state can play to enhance the effective freedoms of
individuals. As a leading light of our political tradition, Dr.
Busia believed that individual freedoms were not just about the
space and ability to speak freely, associate and assemble freely
and to vote freely. As is amply evident, in the two periods that
we have been in power (1969 and 2001), underpinning the value of
individual freedom is the provision of free, affordable and
quality education, healthcare, social safety nets, good
macroeconomic policies, and in safeguarding business competition
and ecological sustainability.
Rights & Duties, Liberty &
Responsibility
Chairperson, the NPP believes
that the foundation of all human rights is the inherent worth
and dignity of the human being and that human rights are for
everyone regardless of race, colour ancestry, ethnicity, place
of origin, or social or economic status. In his masterpiece,
“Africa in Search of Democracy”, published in 1962,
Dr. Busia said “Democracy is
founded on respect for the human being, every human being.”
Quite evidently, however, the
enjoyment of fundamental human rights and freedoms goes in
tandem with the carriage and observance of corresponding
duties or obligations. In order for a society to function
fairly, rights are usually balanced by duties and
responsibilities. Perhaps, not since John Stuart Mill has any
academic-cum-politician articulated the modern concept that with
freedom comes responsibility, as did Kofi Abrefa Busia. He had a
strong conviction that if people understood their human and
political rights they would want to defend them. Thus, in
preparing the nation for the return of liberal democracy in
1969, Dr Busia used the Centre for Civic Education, which he
chaired, to educate the citizenry on democracy.
An NPP Government led by me,
Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, will place considerable premium on
the promotion and protection of fundamental human rights and
freedoms in our land through the enhancement of the resources
and logistics of the Commission on Human Rights and
Administrative Justice in order to improve its capacity to
saturate every corner of Ghanaian society with a human rights
consciousness, and to cultivate a citizenry that is prepared and
willing to defend them. So that, no citizen of this country will
feel excluded from the enjoyment of any class of human rights,
nor will any one feel unable to access the institutions of
justice for the defence or protection of their rights. For
democracy flourishes, and society advances, when human rights
blossom.
We build a free, modern
society on the strength of institutions. The next NPP government
will encourage and support appropriate state institutions,
including the relevant ministries, departments and agencies, as
well as civil society groups, to place pronounced emphasis on
the promotion of civic duties and responsibilities of the
citizen. Most notably, the next NPP government will give even
greater support to the CHRAJ, the National Commission for Civic
Education and the Ghana Education Service as is appropriate to
promote civic awareness, particularly about the duties and
responsibilities of citizens, in a free and democratic society
governed by the rule of law. Such education must embrace
everyone, from kindergarten to academia.
SECURITY
Some of the
important issues that will always face our society, like any
other, are crime, crime control and criminal punishment. The
research findings are that many countries that have experienced
recent democratic reforms have also experienced increasing crime
rates. This is especially true for the emerging democracies in
Africa, which have crime rates that are significantly higher
than the global average. We should see ourselves as an emerging
democracy, and as you all know, emerging democracies are also
known for their fragility.
If
democratically elected governments in Ghana are to govern
effectively and with efficiency, then we must be vigilant in
maintaining a certain level of trust in political institutions
and in maintaining the security of the general populace. As
educational opportunities expand alongside a growing
middle-class, we cannot also lose sight of the fact that rising
levels of crime might also affect the level of tolerance of
democratic norms. A typical example is the mob justice culture,
a popular phenomenon in the 1980s that has been revived with
some ferocity.
Liberal
democracy has an inbuilt tension which necessarily calls for a
conflicting but stable balance between liberty and order.
Widespread economic inequality, social exclusion or insecurity
threaten the stability of this balance. Thus law and order are
crucial to the promotion of liberty and equality. This takes us
back to Dr. Busia’s insistence on the promotion of civic
culture. The liberty of the majority can only be secured and
promoted when there are formal and stable mechanisms of social
control formed to help reduce crime rates and to punish the few
who breach the rules and norms of civic engagement.
There is a deep and profound
yearning for a greater sense of personal and public safety and
security among Ghanaians – for safety and security anchored in
freedom from violent, predatory crimes and freedom from the
devastating effects of the worldwide drug menace against which
our security services continue courageously to wage a relentless
war. There is a yearning for an enhanced sense of security from
lawless and reckless road users who cause the many motor
accidents that maim and kill many innocent people. There is a
yearning for a faster, more effective and efficient criminal
justice system which delivers on its promises to prevent crime,
efficiently administer stern punishments to offenders in
accordance with law, maintain safe custody of convicts, and
effectively rehabilitate convicted criminals. Undoubtedly,
meeting these yearnings for greater safety and security under
law constitutes one of the most compelling challenges of our
time. Our criminal justice system must be re-tooled to prevent
crimes through a comprehensive system of education, deterrence
and rehabilitation. It must be given a new face that is
confident, firm and humane; it must deal fairly and promptly,
but also lawfully, with every class of criminal, particularly
armed robbers, rapists and drug dealers.
To tackle crime we must take a
deliberate look at the situation of social exclusion and operate
from facts, not presumptions. We need to focus our attention on
the organisational or institutional structures that serve to
include or exclude. Fortunately for us, Ghana is not a society
where people are born into an excluded group. However, some have
become excluded either due to changes in circumstances (such as
migration and bad social policies) or to chronic processes (such
as long-term unemployment). There are close links between social
exclusion and conflict and insecurity, both in terms of causes
and consequences. There are now convincing arguments that some
forms of social exclusion generate the conditions in which
conflict can arise. This could range from civil unrest to
violent armed conflict and terrorist activity. Severely
disadvantaged groups with shared characteristics (such as
ethnicity or religion) may resort to violent conflict in order
to claim their rights and redress inequalities. Group
differences are not enough in themselves to cause conflict, but
social exclusion and horizontal inequalities provide fertile
ground for violent mobilisation. Social exclusion can also occur
as a result of conflicts, such as the Kokomba-Nanumba conflict,
which led to an increase in Kayayei.
REFORMING OUR CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM
Any society that is determined
to succeed must be prepared to invest in the area of law and
order. The Police Service, other law enforcement agencies, the
Attorney-General’s Department, and the Judiciary will be
financed to assist them protect society better. A key platform
of the Nana Akufo-Addo Presidency, when it is installed in
January 2009, would be the vigorous pursuit of a thoughtful,
engaging, well-articulated and contemporary agenda for justice –
both criminal and civil – for this country. Central to that
agenda would be the vigorous implementation of a Law and Justice
Policy to better address the challenges of policing the menace
of armed robbery and drug trafficking in contemporary Ghana. The
Law and Justice Policy will comprise the following triple-E
elements of:
1. Elevating the morale
of police service personnel through a systematic and graduated
incentives scheme, with such components as:
·
Improved remuneration,
accommodation and better working conditions
·
Enhanced training and provision of
appropriate professional development opportunities
·
Strategic expansion of the size of
the Ghana Police Service through the recruitment and training of
an additional 25,000 suitably qualified persons over a period of
four years
·
Recruitment and training of 7,000
youths into the Community Police scheme over two years
·
Re-engagement of 200 exceptionally
competent but retired police officers on a limited engagement
basis
·
Provision of relevant specialized
training;
2. Enlisting, through the
Police Service, the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE),
the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ)
and other cognate institutions and civil society, the full
support of the citizenry behind the police for a sustained
community policing programme; and
3. Expanding and
expediting access to justice for women, the poor and vulnerable
in society, through the increased use of court-connected
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, and the
modernization of customary arbitration, mediation and
conciliation practices by our traditional authorities.
If our police men and women on
the streets are better motivated and equipped, then the fight
against violent crime and drugs are half-won.
·
We shall decentralise the police
command to enhance efficiency and accountability.
·
We shall also render vital support
for the invigoration of Highway Patrols to combat highway
robberies, reduce motor accidents on highways and roads, check
indiscipline on roads, arrest offenders (without extorting
illegal tolls from them), and ensure public safety.
·
We shall provide resources to
support the staging of joint police-military swoops on hide-outs
of suspected criminals.
·
We shall provide bullet-proof vests
to offer better protection to Police officers in crime combat
operations.
·
We shall provide to the Ghana
Police Service suitable and adequate logistics in the form of
patrol vehicles, radios, computers and other information and
communication technology (ICT XE "ICT" ) facilities. The Ghana
Police Service will, as a matter of urgency, be provided with
smaller, easily manoeuvrable vehicles that contain basic safety
features, riot control gear and minimum fire power (for use in
cases of anti-terrorism).
o
Every
police patrol vehicle will be fitted with internet and
communications equipment
o
Under
my Presidency every police officer will possess a walkie-talkie
o
A
policy of active 24-hour police patrols in communities will be
enforced
Our Criminal Justice System
will be reformed to serve society better, by, among other
measures:-
1.
Implementing well-considered gun control measures
2.
fast-tracking the trial of suspected armed robbers and illicit
drug dealers through the establishment of specialised Fast Track
Courts exclusively devoted to these crimes
3.
introducing community services, probation, and suspended
sentences as alternative to prisons for some petty offenders
4.
imposing stiffer prison sentences for serious offenders, such
as drug traffickers, rapists, child molesters and armed robbers
5.
imposing stiffer penalties for public officials convicted of
drugs, law enforcement officers convicted of drug offences
6.
maintaining a national register on paedophiles to track their
movements and protect our children
7.
enhancing the capacity of the Prisons Service to fulfill its
mandate
8.
meeting the educational and vocational needs of prisoners
9.
focusing on the victims of crime
10.
ensuring direct reparation to victims
11.
increasing victim involvement in the criminal justice process
12.
promoting citizen responsibility for creating safer communities
13.
fostering better police-community relations, and improve the
role of citizens in crime XE "Crime" prevention
14.
enlisting the support of the NCCE, the CHRAJ XE "CHRAJ" , and
the plethora of civil society organisations interested in safety
and security, law XE "Law" and order and social development to
take up the challenge of educating the public on the duties and
responsibilities of the citizen in combating crime XE "Crime"
and promoting public safety and order
15.
cultivating a citizenry that is alert to its civic
responsibilities by serving as the eyes and ears of the police
in the community
Police: Population Ratio
Chairperson, let me focus on
one basic area of policing: which has been neglected for the
best part of 180 years. According to the records, since 1844,
when the British established the 120-member Gold Coast Militia
and Police, this country had mostly been plagued by an
unacceptable police to population ratio. The UN has a standard
of 1 police officer for every 500 citizens (www.uneca.org),
according to the 2007 United Nations Economic Commission for
Africa report on Law and Order. Ghana urgently requires 25,000
more police officers who are well-trained, well-resourced and
well-motivated.
In his instructive work of
April 2006, “An Overview of the Ghana Police Service”, a
well-known security expert, Emmanuel Kwesi Anning, gave a
graphic picture of the country’s perennial under-policing. (See
Table below)
Growth
and Expansion of Force Personnel from Colonial to 2001
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Year |
Force
(a) |
Strength (b) |
Population of
Ghana |
Police/population
ratio |
|
In
thousands |
|
In millions |
|
1947 |
2,700 |
|
circa
4.01 |
1:1483 |
1952 |
3,480 |
|
circa
4.06 |
1:1490 |
1957 |
6,000 |
|
6 |
1:10 |
1971 |
19,410 |
|
8.5 |
1:437 |
1992 |
15,484 |
|
16 |
1:1033 |
1999 |
16,212 |
25,000 |
18.5 |
1:14 |
2001 |
14,412 |
37,000 |
circa
18.5 |
1:1421 |
Source: 2(a) represents the actual strength of the Ghana Police
force at present, while 3(b) represents what ought to have been
the projected growth of the force in relation to the
population |
The Archer Report of 1997,
which looked at reforming the police, projected a service of
25,000 by December 1998. Yet, by 1999, the police force was
16,212, representing a ration of 1:1400 for an estimated
national population of 18.5 million then. By 2001, according to
Anning’s report, Ghana should have had 37,000 police officers.
Yet, the actual number was 14,412 for an estimated national
population of 18.5 million, representing a police-population
ratio of 1:1421.
According to records available
from the Ghana Police Service, the NPP has in the last seven
years increased police numbers to 25,000. This constitutes a
police-population ratio of 1:935 at a population estimate
of 23,382,848. Thus for the first time in more than two decades,
the police to population ratio is now under a thousand to one.
My call to increase the
police: population ratio to 1:467 by doubling police
staff strength to 50,000 has been met with some cynicism.
Indeed, it must be recalled that the only time since the 1844
Bond that our country achieved the recommended police to
population ratio was under a Danquah-Busia tradition, the
Progress Party. At Independence in 1957, Ghana had a police
force of 6,000 for a population of 6 million, representing a
ratio of 1:1000. President Kwame Nkrumah reduced the size of the
police force from 13,247 in 1964 to 10,709 in 1965. Under Prime
Minister Busia’s government, with Edward Akufo-Addo as
President, Ghana, with a population of 8.5 million in 1971, had
a police staff strength of 19,410, before it was gradually
reduced to 15,484 in 1992, when the population had nearly
doubled to 16 million.
To maintain security in
peaceful countries, the proper ratio of policemen to population
is somewhere between 1 and 5 officers per 1,000 citizens, with
cities needing higher levels than other areas. The United
States has approximately 2.3 police officers per 1,000
residents. Nigeria has a police: population ratio of
1:371, with a Police force of 371,500 personnel to a population
of 138,000,000 people. Singapore has 1 police officer per
119.4 residents, representing a Police force of 38,587 personnel
to a population of 4,608,167 people. The police: population
ratio in the world’s biggest democracy, India, stands at
1:728. India has a Police force of 157,692 personnel to a
population of 1.1 billion people. South Africa has a
police: population ratio of 1:348, which has 137,175 police
personnel to a population of nearly 48 million people.
Pakistan has a police: population ratio 1: 625, of 268,419
police personnel to a population of 167,762,040 people.
Malaysia, the country that for obvious historical reasons,
we like or hate to compare ourselves to, has a Police force of
101,502 personnel to a population of 25,274,133 people,
representing a police: population ratio of 1:249.
Crime-ridden cities like
New York, with 45,000 police personnel, has a ratio of
1:197, London with 24,000 police personnel has a ratio of
1:285. Berlin has a police: population ratio of 1:124.
Throughout the world an
adequate police force is seen as central to the maintenance of
law and order and the protection of populations. Ghana should
not be an exception.
Combating the Illicit Drug
Trade
Chairperson, drugs are
undermining the very fabric of our society. They are destroying
our young people, misleading many about easy and fast money
while sullying our reputation in the international community.
This problem has been with us for a long time. They are not an
NPP problem. They are not an NDC problem. They are a national
problem. In fact, the scourge of narcotic drugs is a
multi-billion dollar global problem.
Over the past two decades, the
impact of the world-wide drug menace has been a source of grave
concern for all law-abiding citizens of this country. The nation
has been sorely embarrassed by disclosures that have implicated
a number of high level state officials in the illicit drug
trade. Undoubtedly, narcotics drug trafficking and the menace
associated with it are strongly enabled by corrupt and inept
systems of prevention and control.
An Akufo-Addo Government will
firmly and courageously implement a number of well-considered
measures to embolden the capacity of the nation to effectively
combat the drug menace.
The key highlights of the
policy will include:
Review of relevant laws with a
view to enhancing their capacity to deter public officials from
engaging in narcotic offences
·
Turning the Narcotics Control Board into an
agency, to give it an overarching responsibility, across
departments and agencies, in all cases to deal with drugs
·
Creating the position of a ‘Drug Czar’, by
elevating the position of the head of NACOB to Cabinet status.
We don’t produce cocaine in
Africa and yet West Africa has seen the biggest growth in
illegal drug movements than anywhere else in the world.
Geography favours the drug traffickers. Ghana’s geography does
not favour us. West Africa is just 4,000-miles away, across the
Atlantic, from the coca fields of South America. It is also
closer to Western Europe. In Europe cocaine seizures have
quadrupled over the past decade and prices for the drug are now
double those in America as consumption has grown by up to four
fold. Compared to 1.8 percent 10 years ago, Spain, where much of
the cocaine through West Africa is destined, 3 percent of the
Spanish population now uses cocaine. The demand has made Europe
a far more lucrative drug market than America: apparently one
kilogramme of uncut cocaine can fetch twice in Europe, what it
can in the US, according to UN figures. Intelligence reports say
to elude European airport security and coastal patrols more
easily, smugglers ship drugs in bulk to Africa's western
seaboard, where they are parceled out to hundreds of individual
smugglers who use fishing vessels, sailboats and their own
bodies to sneak it north into Europe.
Why is Africa, particularly
West Africa growing in importance as a transit area for cocaine
trafficking between Latin American countries and Europe? Records
show that between 1998 and 2003, the annual cocaine seizures on
the entire continent averaged about 0.6 metric tonnes – a very
minor proportion of global seizures of cocaine. However, since
2004, African seizures have been above 2.5 metric tonnes, almost
five times more than before. The UN's Office on Drugs and Crime
says the world's total supply of cocaine is around 1 million
kilogrammes a year. Interpol says 200,000 to 300,000 kilogrammes
of the drug enters Europe via West Africa. The United States
Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL)
at the Department of State compiles an annual ‘Major List’ of
countries considered to be posing the biggest global threat in
the drug trade. On September 14, 2007, U.S. President George
Bush approved and sent to Congress the Majors List for 2008.
The 20 countries on the list
were: Afghanistan, The Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma,
Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, India,
Jamaica, Laos, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, and Venezuela. Ghana is nowhere on that list. But, we need
to do a lot more. We cannot afford to be complacent.
The New Patriotic Party
believes that a robust comprehensive drug control policy can
achieve measurable progress in curbing the supply and abuse of
drugs and blocking the trafficking of drugs through our shores
to consuming nations. Evidence from elsewhere and from our own
experience tells that illicit drug trade corrodes social order;
bolsters crime and corruption; undermines effective governance;
facilitates the illicit transfer of weapons; and compromises
national security and law enforcement.
The legal framework provided
by the Narcotic Drugs Control Enforcement and Sanctions Law
1990, PNDCL 236, as amended, and other legislation provides some
of the tools needed to crack down on the availability of drugs
and reduce the misery they cause. But enforcement alone will
never be enough.
We need to ensure that young
people have all the information they need to make informed
decisions about drugs – which means resisting peer-pressure and
the lure of fast cars associated with the illicit drug trade and
that we follow up tough words with indiscriminate decisive
action. To make drug smuggling a no-go area as a career option
for our young ones calls for partnership between citizens and
law enforcement officers.
A Focus on Young People
Crucial to our fight against
drugs is the development and implementation of programmes that
prevent illicit drug use, offer no refuge for drug pushers in
our neighborhoods and provide a safe and secure environment for
every Ghanaian in every corner of our land. We do so by
reclaiming every inch of space from criminal gangs. Linked to
our fight against drug abuse must be a comprehensive preventive
measure aimed at protecting our children from a life of crime.
·
Ghanaian families have a difficult
but necessary task to teach young people to avoid using drugs.
What is required is a structured anti-drug education policy for
our schools. We must be bold but sensitive in confronting young
offenders with the negative effects of their behaviour on their
victims in novel and compelling ways. We must provide purposeful
and engaging activities for the youth XE "Youth" , especially
those in real or potential conflict with the law XE "Law" . We
must continue to increase access to education from pre-school to
the tertiary level We must expand childcare facilities in urban
and rural areas
·
Education on the dangers of illicit
drugs is key. There should be an increased awareness of the
dangers of drugs. A more proactive parental involvement,
education, and community action are key to protecting our youth
from the menace of illicit drug – as users, couriers or
pushers.
·
Evidence elsewhere has shown that
we can use the power of media to make the use of drugs a very,
very unattractive option for our young people. My government
will invest in a long-term media campaign aimed at increasing
perceptions of the harm of drug use and of social disapproval.
We must secure the future of
our children by:-
·
Building stronger neighborhoods
·
building stronger families as bulwarks against juvenile
delinquency and criminality
·
improving parental competence and teaching self-control and
street smarts
·
helping young people resist drug misuse in order to achieve
their full potential in society
·
reducing the harm caused by drugs in the community
·
protecting our communities from related violent crimes, such as
aggravated street mugging
·
improving the quality of life
·
implementing specialized social welfare programmes to address
problems of youth alienation and despondency, and to assist
youths to withstand peer pressures to experiment with drugs
·
implementing a youth-oriented education campaign to assist youth
in resisting the temptations presented to them by the criminal
underworld, particularly in armed robbery, drug-trafficking,
prostitution
·
enhancing police-community relations and promoting community
policing
·
dismantling the criminal gangs that traffic in drugs
Securing our borders
Drug trafficking is linked to
cross-border violence and money laundering. We make meaningful
headway against drug trafficking only by treating it not
as a merely Ghanaian problem. Through partnership with
other sovereign nations in our region and beyond, we can combat
all of these serious threats to border security. West Africa is
drawing up a plan to fight drug trafficking, in particular of
Latin American cocaine and Asian heroin being smuggled to
lucrative markets in Europe. Going forward, we must have a
transnational strategy that aggressively polices our seas to
ensure increased disruption of cocaine flow and continued
disruption of trafficker means, methods and modes.
We shall focus on a strategic
review of international drugs activity - with a clear
overall commitment of all the law enforcement, intelligence and
diplomatic agencies in the West African region, especially, to
reduce the flow of illicit drugs, to and through our shores.
Expanding the level of
cooperation with partner nations across the transit zone will
deny traffickers the freedom of movement they enjoy within the
territorial waters of nations, such as ours, that are struggling
with the means to interdict them.
Abdullahi Shehu,
Director-General of the Inter-Governmental Action Group Against
Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (GIABA) in West Africa,
who heads West Africa's programme against money laundering,
received an additional mandate in August 2007 from the Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to fight drugs
cartels. We need to continue on this regional front. We shall
also explore, with our neighbours, the possibility of a joint
ECOWAS coastguard unit, involving our respective naval units.
‘DRUG CZAR’
I believe the creation of an
overall Drug Czar, with the requisite powers, will go a long way
in our fight against illicit drugs. With this, I am proposing an
equivalent of the White House Office of National Drug Control
Policy, a Cabinet level component of the Executive Office of the
Presidency, to be established by law and headed by a Drug Czar.
The Drug Czar, with enhanced powers, will also combine the
powers of the Chairman and the Executive Director of NACOB under
a new reformed structure. My government will re-designate NACOB
as an Agency, which will give the new body a greater overall
mandate over and control of the drug situation, and harmonise
its collaboration with other law enforcement agencies and
Ministries.
An Akufo-Addo presidency will
also pay special attention to the classification of narcotic
drugs and review the penalties for drug-related offences, with
particular attention to increasing the prison terms of those
convicted for the supply or possession of drugs with intent to
supply. The object would be to ensure that Ghana becomes “a
no-go country” for drug dealers, both domestic and
international.
We aim to tackle drug supply
at every opportunity: internationally, nationally, regionally
and locally, to focus on all points in the supply and demand
chain. The fight against drugs should be part of a wider range
of policies to regenerate our communities, expand access to
education, skills training and jobs. The more we intensify our
efforts in providing opportunities for all and in apprehending
the criminals, the less attractive the illicit drug trade
becomes.
I am determined to tackle the
drugs problem. But the fight is not just for the Government or
law enforcement agents. It is for mothers, fathers, siblings,
teachers, pastors, imams, chiefs, community groups, and
Ghanaians who cares about the future of our society. The problem
does not simply go away by politicians adopting a
pre-occupational attitude of merely, constantly telling the
general public that Ghana has a drug smuggling problem. We owe
it to our children’s future to come up with truly imaginative
solutions. Drugs are a very serious problem in Ghana, in West
Africa, in Africa, in Europe, in America, in Asia and everywhere
– it is a global problem from which our geographical location
has not been spared. No one has any illusions about that. Drugs
are a threat to health, a threat to a productive future, a
threat to our personal security, a threat to our communities, a
national security threat. Let us approach it with the kind of
responsibility Ghanaians demand of their political leaders.
In the end, it must be noted
that security is not a commodity the state buys and the Police
imposes on the populace. It is the result of the entire
citizenry working together to respect the laws, to ensure social
justice, to take care of the economically weak and vulnerable,
and to support law enforcement agencies with credible
information. Security comes about when citizens do the right
thing in accordance with law.
My vision for Ghana is to
create a free, healthy, confident, educated and prosperous
modern society. I believe we can do so and still avoid the
side-effects of modernisation – the harm caused by growing
misuse of drugs - that is common with western societies.
Chairperson, I have discussed
with you the soaring vision that Dr Busia had for our party and
our country and how his time at the helm of our nation was all
too brief.
We have discussed the
important link between democracy, security and the rule of law,
for the state, communities and individuals as they go about
their lawful activities.
I have pledged to double the
strength of our Police Force from 25,000 to 50,000. I have also
committed to modernising the police force, with better training
and resources, together with higher standards of accountability
that will make the force, in the eyes of all, the friendly and
professional protectors of the public.
I have pledged to appropriate
the necessary resources to strengthen the relevant institutions
that will be in the vanguard of preventing and fighting crime.
Today, I have challenged every
citizen to take a stand in the fight against crime, indiscipline
on our roads and drug trafficking and to see themselves as part
of a “citizens army” working together to protect ourselves and
make our country safe.
As I have indicated, my
presidency will increase educational opportunities for our young
people, coupled with jobs that pay living wages when they are
working to strengthen their families and to make crime and
indiscipline unattractive to them.
Together, let us strengthen
one another, our families and our national family by protecting
and believing in ourselves, our future and IN GHANA! In order to
achieve in any human endeavour, YOU MUST FIRST BELIEVE!
We may be five years short of
celebrating Dr. Busia’s centenary; yet, we are long in
celebrating the return of the hope he held so dear for Ghana.
This year marks the 51st anniversary of our country’s
independence. It also marks the 15th anniversary of
the Fourth Republic. That we can say today that this fourth
attempt at democracy for our Republic has been the longest
enduring is in itself a remarkable achievement. The First
Republic lasted six years. The Second Republic lasted two and a
half years. The Third Republic lasted the same brief period. So
what has been the secret to the success so far of the Fourth
Republic? One can think of a combination of factors but what
quickly comes to mind is a slogan that Ghanaians collectively
were compelled to adopt in the 1990s and has since been the
guiding and guarding principle for our society.
That slogan, Chairperson, is:
“NEVER AGAIN!”
Never again will Ghana go back
to one-man rule, military dictatorship, state-sponsored human
rights violations, wanton confiscation of assets, and
criminalisation of entrepreneurship and a culture of torturing
silence. Ghana is a country that is moving forward to its
manifest destiny – a future of confident, educated, healthy and
competitive people, free to create, optimise and benefit from
economic opportunities in a society that operates on the
principles of democratic accountability, rule of law, social
justice and human rights.
Dr. Busia dreamt of a nation
at peace, prosperous and generous, a beacon of hope to Africa
and the world, a proud African lion, striding into the future
with confidence, secure in the knowledge that here on this
continent, we are the nation of destiny, an example, not just
for our age but for ages.
Let us move forward!
Yenko yenim!
Won Ya Wor hie!
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